Mental Health Act 1983

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About the MHA 1983

The Mental Health Act (MHA) 1983 is the law in England and Wales which was updated in 2007. It tells people with mental health problems what their rights are regarding:

• assessment and treatment in hospital
• treatment in the community
• pathways into hospital, which can be civil or criminal

Many people who receive inpatient treatment on psychiatric wards have agreed to go into hospital as informal patients (also known as voluntary patients). However, over half are in hospital without their agreement as formal patients. This is because they have been detained under the Mental Health Act (often called being sectioned).

If you are a formal patient you lose certain rights, including the right to leave hospital freely, so if you're in this situation it's really important to know your rights under the Mental Health Act.

What does the Mental Health Act cover?

The Mental Health Act is divided up into lots of different sections. These contain information on:

• Your rights when you are detained in hospital against your wishes (see our legal pages on sectioning).
• Your family's rights when you are detained (see our legal pages on nearest relative).
• Your rights when you are detained in hospital and also part of the criminal justice system (see our legal pages on the courts and mental health, police and mental health and sectioning).
• Your rights around consent to treatment when you are detained (see our legal pages on agreeing to treatment).
• Your rights when you are leaving hospital, including how to have your section lifted and care planning (see our legal pages on leaving hospital).
• Your rights when you are being treated in the community, for example receiving section 117 aftercare or on a community treatment order (CTO) (see our legal pages on health and social care rights).

(See our page of Mental Health Act FAQs for more information.)

What other laws do I need to know about?

As a person with a mental health problem living in England or Wales, these are some other key pieces of legislation which set out some of your rights and protect you from discrimination:

• Equality Act 2010
• Mental Capacity Act 2005
• Care Act 2014 (applies to England)
• Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 (applies to Wales)
• Human Rights Act 1998
• Data Protection Act 2018

You can find more information on your rights in different situations on our other pages on your legal rights.

Where can I get legal support?

For further legal information you can contact:

• Mind's Legal Line
• a local Law Centre
• Civil Legal Advice
• Citizens Advice (England) or Citizens Advice (Wales)
• a private solicitor – The Law Society website can provide a list of qualified solicitors in your area.

You may also be legally entitled to an advocate - someone who can help you understand your rights and make your voice heard. (See our page on statutory advocacy for more information.)

If you're looking for information in an accessible format for people with learning disabilities, you can find a series of Easy Read factsheets on your rights under the Mental Health Act on the NHS Choices website.

This information was published in November 2018. We will revise it in 2020.

References are available on request. If you would like to reproduce any of this information, see our page on permissions and licensing.

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