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The Big Mental Health Report 2025

The Big Mental Health Report is for anyone looking for trusted information on how mental health problems affect people in England and Wales.

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This is the second year we’ve shared our annual look at mental health in England and Wales. The report shows us how people are doing, how services are working, and what still needs to change. With support from Centre for Mental Health and our research partners, we’ve pulled together the clearest picture yet of mental health today.

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We've put together the key findings on this page.

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Key recommendations

 

1. Improve timely access to quality mental health support.  

It’s crucial that people get the right mental health support when they need it, so they don’t become more unwell - this requires mental health services to change and improve. 

2. Support young people with their mental health.

More young people are experiencing mental health problems but can’t get support when they need it. Action is needed to support young people with their mental health and stop more them from reaching crisis. 

3. Tackle mental health stigma and discrimination.

Mental health stigma and discrimination is still a problem. We need targeted interventions to address these challenges, including improving data around mental health and investing in programmes to tackle stigma.

4. Deal with the social factors affecting mental health.

Several factors can cause someone to experience poor mental health or make an existing mental health problem worse, like poverty, insecure work and poor-quality housing. An effort to tackle such factors is needed to improve the mental health of our nation.  

Foreword by Dr Sarah Hughes, Mind CEO

Mental health in the UK is at a crossroads.

It’s no secret that the number of people struggling with their mental health is rising fast. Most of us either live with a mental health problem or know someone who does. And the data backs this up – common mental health problems, like anxiety and depression, are increasing. It’s clear that mental health no longer exists in the dark, with more people than ever speaking openly about their mental health – in families, workplaces, communities, and even on the biggest public stages.

So why, despite this common experience and an increased openness in talking about it, are we still struggling to fix the challenges within mental health?
In part, this is down to a paradoxical increase in cynicism about mental health. Young people’s experiences in particular are questioned, with claims of overdiagnosis and a lack of resilience. This narrative risks undoing decades of progress. But many of you reading this have the power to change things – to prevent more people from becoming unwell and to make sure those who need help get it. 

As public and government scepticism persists, the problem deepens. That’s why this report is more than research – it’s a rallying call. We cannot allow mental health to become a victim of society’s culture wars. We must protect the progress we’ve made in bringing it out of the shadows. That starts with the facts – and the Big Mental Health Report delivers them. This is an annual snapshot of the actual state of mental health in England and Wales, showing what’s working and where urgent change is needed. No spin, no fake news, no culture wars.

In the past year, we’ve seen welcome progress. In England, the Government is close to passing a long-overdue reform of the Mental Health Act and has published a 10-Year Health Plan which includes a series of mental health commitments. In Wales, a groundbreaking 10-year mental health and wellbeing strategy puts early, holistic support front and centre.
But progress is too slow. Too many people are getting ill. Too many are stuck on waiting lists without the care they urgently need.

The UK Government says mental health should be treated as an equal priority to physical health, but that promise must be backed by action. This starts with a conversation that recognises the scale of the problem, leads with compassion for those who are struggling right now, and ensures timely, quality care for all at its core. Because behind every statistic in this report is a real person – and friends, families and communities doing everything they can to help them navigate a complex, overstretched system.

Good mental health is not a “nice to have” – it’s the foundation for a healthy, thriving society. It keeps people in work, builds strong communities, and supports good physical health. We hear these stories every day in our shops, in communities across England and Wales and see the impact of life-changing mental health support first-hand through our network of nearly 100 local Minds.  

Now is the moment to come together for better mental health. Whether you’re a campaigner, service provider, policymaker, or simply someone who cares, we hope this report arms you with the insight and evidence to demand better – and to act.

The current state of mental health

1 in 5 adults in England is living with a common mental health problem and rates are rising steadily 

We found adults in the most deprived areas have higher rates of mental health problems (26.2%) than those in the least deprived areas (16.0%).

The cost of mental ill health in England is now estimated at £300 billion a year

Mental wellbeing has been gradually declining since 2016-17

4 in 5 (82%) said they feel anxious about major issues like war and conflict

I used to be really active as a child. I used to do swimming, Brownies. I used to dance three times a week. And one by one, I started giving up everything.

- Georgia

What’s driving poor mental health

Effects of the pandemic

Nearly 2 in 5 adults reported anxiety or depression symptoms during the first year of Covid.

Around 1 in 3 adults said their mental health declined compared to pre-pandemic levels.

The impact was uneven: people already struggling, racialised communities, and those in poverty were hit hardest.

Cuts to public services

In England in 2024, councils’ core funding per resident was 18% lower in real terms than in 2010.

Between 2011 and 2019–20, the Welsh Government’s block grant from the UK Government fell by 5% in real terms.

Youth services and children’s centres have been hit hardest, with funding down by 70% since 2010-11.

Child poverty

The mental health of young people in England is getting worse. In 2023, 1 in 5 aged 8-25 reported living with a probable mental health problem.

As of April 2024, a record 4.5 million children in the UK are growing up in relative poverty.

Children from the least well-off 20% of households are 4 times more likely to experience serious mental health difficulties.

Experiences of support

In 2023-24, there were 2.8 million referrals to adult community mental health services in the UK 

There are around 5,500 hospital admissions each year in Wales following self-harm – one of the top five reasons for admission

Over 1 in 3 reported a deterioration in their mental health while waiting for an appointment with their GP or a voluntary/third sector organisation

30% of those waiting for support (from both sectors) reported having to access support elsewhere

Are people’s support needs being met? 

33% of those accessing GP support reported that it didn’t meet their needs – up from 27% in 2019

34% of respondents reported having previously been treated unfairly when receiving support from their GP

I was placed on waiting list after waiting list, sometimes waiting more than a year for an initial assessment.  

- Gavin

Stigma and public attitudes

Understanding of mental health is slipping: in 2024, knowledge scores fell below 2009 levels for the first time.

People willing to work with someone with a mental health problem fell from 77% in 2023 to 74% in 2024.

Only 63% agreed that there's “nothing to fear from people coming into their neighbourhood to get mental health services”.

Misunderstanding of schizophrenia remains high:

  • Agreement with “People with schizophrenia are a danger to others” rose from 27% in 2023 to 32% in 2024.
  • 46% said people with schizophrenia should be able to “pull themselves together.”

The UK and Welsh governments must act now

We're calling on the government to:

Improve timely access to quality mental health support


Support young people with their mental health to stop them reaching crisis

Tackle mental health stigma and discrimination with targeted interventions

Address the social factors which contribute to poor mental health

Will you help us?

We can only make big changes with your help.

Here's some ways you can help Mind fight for mental health:

Fundraise for Mind

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Donate to Mind

Your donations will make sure we can keep fighting for the people who need us most.

Become a campaigner

Our campaigners speak out about the real issues affecting people with mental health problems. Find out how to sign up here.

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Unless stated, stats on this page refer to England and Wales. References for all data on this page are available in the full report.

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